Early detection key to improving lung cancer outcomes

Metro India News | Hyderabad 

Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While tobacco smoking is the primary risk factor, the disease is increasingly being recognized among non-smokers as well, highlighting the need for greater awareness, early detection and timely treatment. Lung cancer develops when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the lungs. It is broadly classified into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for nearly 85 per cent of cases, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), an aggressive form that spreads rapidly.

Apart from active and passive smoking, exposure to air pollution, industrial chemicals, asbestos, silica and household biomass fuel smoke can increase the risk. Persistent cough, coughing up blood, chest pain, breathlessness, recurrent respiratory infections, unexplained weight loss and fatigue are among the warning signs.  Diagnosis involves imaging investigations such as CT scans and PET-CT, followed by biopsy to confirm the disease. Molecular profiling and PD-L1 testing help identify suitable treatment options.

Newer antibody-drug conjugates and immunotherapy in selected early-stage cases are also improving outcomes. Minimally invasive procedures, including video-assisted thoracoscopic and robotic surgery, offer effective treatment with reduced recovery time in suitable patients. Greater awareness, risk reduction and early diagnosis can significantly improve survival and quality of life.